Improved compressed-air forge-hammer



initcd ,States @sind i @dimite CHARLES VOGEL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

Letters Patent No. 106,892, (lated August 30, 1870.

IMPROVED COMPRBSSED-AIR FORGE-HAMMER.

The Schedule referred to in theseLetters Patent and making part of the same.

This invention relates to a new and useful ilnprovementin hammers for forging iron and other metals, which are actuated or partially actuated by compressed air; and

lt consists in the Inode of controlling the air and regulating the stroke of the hammer, and arrangement and combination of' parts, as hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawing- Figure l is a side elevation of the machine, with a portion of the air-chamber broken away to show the position of the valve connected therewith.

Figure 2 is a top view ot'v tig. 1.

Figure 3 is a section of iig. 2 ou the line y y.

Figure 4 is a horizontal section of iig. l on the line Figure 5 is a vertical section of fig. 4 ou the line and the air-passage for regulating the stroke; also,.

the aperture into the valve-chest, through which air is admitted from the air-reservoir.

Figure 7 represents 'the valve and valve-chest, with tli'e former inposition for giving a full stroke of the hammer.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

A is the bed-plate of the machine, which is support-ed ou' a suitable foundation, B.

C is the air-reservoir, into which the air is forced by meansof a force-pump, actuated by a steam-eu gine, or other motive power, and condensed to any required pressure.

C' is a small stolJfcoc-k in the reservoir C, through which a jet of air is discharged for blowing cinders from the anvil or die.

D is a safety-valve on this reservoir, for regulating the amount of pressure.

E is the hammer-block.

F is the hammer.

G is acylinder bored out, to which a piston, H, on the hammer-shank is accurately fitted. The hammer and shank and piston H are forged or made in one piece.

I represents the dies on the hammer and hammerblock or anvil, fittcd'and fastened thereto in the usual' manner. v

J is the airchamber, of about the same cubical contents as the 'cylinder G, so that, when the hammer is raised, the piston H will compress or forcethe air contained in the cylinder into the chamber, thereby doubling the density and pressure of the air in the chamber at each stroke of the hammer.

The hammer is raised at all times to a uniform height by a positive motion. lhis is accomplished by mea-ns of a cam, K, on the end of the shaft L.

The cam operates ou the lug M, on the shank of the hammer'.

The shaft is revolved by means of the pulleyNaud belt from the line or counter-shaft of 4'the steamengine or other motive power.

O is a tightening-pulley for the driving-belt, operated from the foot-treadle P, shown and `described in a patent granted me by the United States, for improvement in trip-hann'ner, dated February, 1868. By this arrangement of the cani, herein described, it will be seen that the hammer is raised to its full height at every revolution of the shaft.

The down-stroke blow is given by means of coluprcssed air when a blow is required exceeding iu force the weight of the hammer.

When a blow of less force than that is desired, a vacuum or a partial vacuum in the chamber J is produced by means of a valve arrangement, which, together with the principal operating valves, I will now proceed to describe.

R is the valve-chest, which is in communication with the air-reservoir, by means ot' the aperture S.

'l is an air-passage or port, which opens direct communication between the chest and the air-chamber J. When this port l is open, as represented in iig. 7, the hammer gives a full stroke, the piston H receives the full pressure of the air in the reservoir.

U is a slide-valve, by means of which the port Tis l closed to the chest, and opened to the port V by the cavity in the valve, as seen in fig. 6. When the valve is in this position the cylinder G (as the piston descends) is filled with air-at atmospheric pressure as the portV communicates with the atmosphere, as seen in fig. 5. l

At the end of the port 'l there is a check-valve, NV, which prevents the escape of air from the airehamber through the port. Now, when the ha'mmcr is raised, the air in the cylinder and chamber, being at atmospheric pressure, cannot escape into the atmosphere through the passage formed by the connection of the valve U with the ports T V, by reason of the check-valve \V, and will be reduced to half its bulk, and doubled in its pressure.

The slide-valve is actuated by the f oot of the oper-- atoron the rod x, which is hinged to each side of the hed-plate in the form ot a loose bail. This rod or bril is connected with the crank 1, on a shaft in the sleeve-box z, by the rod a.

d istlre valve-stem. y

ve is an arm on the crank-shaft, which enters the mortise in the valve-stern. By pressing -on the footrod :t the slide is drawn back and thc main port T is opened. The back movement of the valve is produced hy a spring, which'operates upon the under side of the foot-rod x, not seen in the drawing. f is a spring on one end of the crank-shaft of the sleeve z.

-z is apassage leading from the chamber J out through the dome or top ot the same. Midway of this passage is formed a valve-seat for the valve y, and thence outward the passage is gradually widened, being provided at its upper end witha screw-threaded cap, 'i'. The latter' has two perforatious, which are constantly open for allowing the escape of air when th'evalvc y is raised from its seat,'by reason-ot' the removal of pressure ot' spring j' therefrom, and with a central perforation, in which the stem j ofthe said valve works. The object of the cap is to act as a guide for the valve-stem, which extends upward, so to come in contact with ,the free end of the springf.A

The spring f is brought to bear upon the top of this valve-,stem with more or less force, according to the pressure on the rod x. This valve g is always subject to the pressure of the air inthe air-chamber J, which pressure has a constant tendency to raise it, and to consequently discharge air tnrough the perforated cap. Hence the force cfa blow is determined by the force with which this spring f is pressed upon this valve-stern, and this pr'essure is governed by the foot von the rod x.

For a full stroke of the hammer this .pressure is ufr'icient to keep the puppet-valve closed. i'hin a full stroke the pressure is diminished, so that, by properly managing and controlling the pressure ot' this spring and the movement of the slide-valve, a stroke of any required force may be given. A stroke m'uch less forcible than would be given by the weight of the hammer alone may be delivered, and the hammer may be suspended by means of a partial vacuum, which would be formed by allowing the air to escape through the passage hand past. the valve g, (the press- 'for the purpose.)

nre of spring f on `the valve-stern j being removed When air is beingA admitted to chamber J the same movement of the treadle which draws back the slide-valve U for that purpose causes the spring f to exert corresponding pressure on valve g.

When the operator Wishes to examine his work the cam K may be adjusted to support the hammer out of the way, by means of thel arm M,or a vacuum may be formed in the chamber J, above the piston, for t-he same purpose as the hammer is raised,l and their moving the slide-valve into the position seen in iig. 4, thus closing the part T.

From this arrangement it willbe seen that the blow delivered by the hammer is varied in force only when required by the nature of the work being performed.

No movement of any valve. is required for each separate stroke, nor required at any time, except when it is desired to vary the force of the stroke; that is to say, the amount of air having been admitted tothe chamber J which is necessary to exert a given force upon' the piston in its descent, the valve U will ,not require to be moved .rrntil dill'erent and heavier work is to be performed.

The check-valve W at all times prevents escape of air from chamber J vthrough ports T and'V,"while vit allows entrance of air hy either' port. vThe valve g can in vno ease admit air to, but -may allow its escape from chamber J, whenl the pressure on the treadle is removed for the purpose.

Having thus described my invention, l

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentv 1. The arrangement of t-hevalve U, ports T and V, and check-valve 7, with the chamberJ. and valvechest R, as and for the purpose specified.

2. The arrangement with the chamber' J and piston H, of thecam K, valve g, and springf, as shown and described, for the purpose specified.

3. The combination ot' the rod x, connecting-rod a, crank-shaft, valve-rod d, valve u, spring f, and

valve g, substantially-as shown and described, for the purpose specilied.

CHARLES VOGEL.

Witnesses:

GEO. W. MABEE, ALEX. F. ROBERTS. 

